An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2024 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

16061 entries, 14144 authors and 1947 subjects. Updated: December 10, 2024

AXELROD, Julius

3 entries
  • 7802

The estimation of acetanilide and its metabolic products, aniline, N-acetyl p-aminophenol and p-aminophenol (free and total conjugated) in biological fluids and tissues.

J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 22–28, 1948.

Brodie and Axelrod confirmed that paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was efficacious an analgesic. Unlike its precursors, paracetamol does not cause methemoglobinemia in humans. See also their follow-up papers:  "The fate of acetanilide in man" (PDF). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94 (1948) 29–38., and Flinn, Frederick B., Brodie, B. B., "The effect on the pain threshold of N-acetyl p-aminophenol, a product derved in the body from acetanilide", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94 (1948) 76-77.



Subjects: PAIN / Pain Management, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Acetaminophen
  • 1931.6

Enzymatic O-methylation of epinephrine and other catechols.

J. Bio. Chem., 233, 400-401, 1958.
The authors discovered the enzyme "COMT" or cathecol-O-methyltransferase, and determined that it was crucial in the methylation and inactivation of adrenergic and other catecholamine type neurotransmitters.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

In 1970 Axelrod shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation."



Subjects: NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , Neurophysiology, PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Cardiovascular Medications
  • 14281

Fate of tritiated noradrenaline at the sympathetic nerve endings.

Nature, 192, 172-173, 1961.
Using electron microscopy and tritiated norepinephrine, the authors discovered the area in the nerve endings in which the catecholamines were concentrated, and also observed enhanced radioactive catecholamine release following nerve stimulation specifically from sympathetic nerve endings.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Hertting, Axelrod.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
 


Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology