Chapter 1. "Out of eugenics: The historical politics of the human genome" by D. J. Kevles.

Chapter 2. "A history of the science and technology behind gene mapping and sequencing" by Horace Freeland Judson.

Chapter 7. "A personal view of the project" by James D. Watson.

The first medical book printed in California, a small 23-page pamphlet of folk or popular medicine. It was printed by Agustín V. Zamorano, the first printer in Alta California under Mexican rule before the region became part of the United States. Facsimile reproduction and partial translation in Robert J. Moes, The Zamorano press and the Botica: California's first medical book (Los Angeles: The Zamorano Club, 1988).

Translated into English by L. Jay Oliva, introduced and annotated by Doyce B. Nunis, Jr. as A medical journey in California (Los Angeles: Zeitlin & Ver Brugge, 1967).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"In this work, Cronon demonstrated the impact on the land of the widely disparate conceptions of ownership held by Native Americans and English colonists. English law objectified land, making it an object of which the purchaser had ownership of every aspect. Native American law conceived only the possibility of usufruct rights, the right, that is, to own the nuts or fish or wood that land or bodies of water produced, or the right to hunt, fish or live on the land, there was no possibility of owning the land itself. The second innovative aspect of Cronon's work was to reconceptualize Native Americans as actors capable of changing the ecosystems with which they interacted. Native Americans could, in Cronon's recounting, alter the nature of the forests or exterminate species. Nevertheless, because their technological capabilities were limited and, therefore, native populations were small, their impact on the land was limited. For these reasons, "the shift from Indian to European dominance entailed important changes" (Wikipedia_

The bestselling work by this Kansas physician documenting the practice of medicine in the rural midwest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Medical rituals of the Lacota people.

Child was was an abolitionist, women's rights activist, Native American rights activist, novelist, journalist, and opponent of American expansionism. Her journals, both fiction and domestic manuals, reached wide audiences from the 1820s through the 1850s. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

A graduate of the Eclectic Medical College in Cincinnati, Vaughn was a member of the New York State Senate (31st D.) in 1878 and 1879, and was elected as a Republican to the 46th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1879 to September 18, 1880, when he resigned. On the title page of this book, which was reprinted many times, Pierce styled himself "Counselor-in-chief of the Board of Physicians and Surgeons, at the World's Dispensary".  Pierce manufactured and sold of patent medicines, and established the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute. His manufacturing business started with "Doctor Pierce's Favorite Prescription", which he followed with other medicines, including Smart Weed and Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets. Nearly one million bottles of Dr. Pierce's Smart Weed and other preparations shipped annually.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from cs.amedd.army.mil at this link.

In spite of the verbose title, the Table of Contents of this work indicates that roughly the first half of the book concerns home remedies for the widest range of complaints and illnesses, and medical properties of plants. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"By examining the dynamic interplay between discourses of fiction and medicine, Novel Medicine demonstrates how fiction incorporated, created, and disseminated medical knowledge in China, beginning in the sixteenth century...." (publisher).

"Nineteenth-century citizens of European descent widely believed that Native Americans would eventually vanish from the continent. Indian society was thought to be tied to the wilderness, and the manifest destiny of U.S. westward expansion, coupled with industry’s ever-growing hunger for natural resources, presaged the disappearance of Indian peoples. Yet, as the frontier drew to a close, some naturalists chronicling the loss of animal and plant populations began to worry that white Americans might soon share the Indians’ presumed fate.

Miles Powell explores how early conservationists such as George Perkins Marsh, William Temple Hornaday, and Aldo Leopold became convinced that the continued vitality of America’s “Nordic” and “Anglo-Saxon” races depended on preserving the wilderness. Fears over the destiny of white Americans drove some conservationists to embrace scientific racism, eugenics, and restrictive immigration laws. Although these activists laid the groundwork for the modern environmental movement and its many successes, the consequences of their racial anxieties persist" (publisher).

This work "... in its extensive study of gynecological treatises from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, provides an important intervention into assumptions about the subversive quality of aphrodisiacs and abortifacients. Rather than reading the imbibing of these substances as women’s taking control of their bodies and their sexuality, Evans considers these medicines as having “a legitimate place in medical treatments for infertility” (174) in the early modern period. Most of her scholarship works to articulate that “legitimate place” through citing print midwifery treatises and other medical texts, but she also calls upon broadside ballads, manuscript recipes, pornographic literature, and witchcraft pamphlets to argue for the presence that “printed medical literature” had in less authoritative discourse and, perhaps, vice versa.

"Evans’s work is most impressive in its survey of the medical literature, which includes not only the well-known midwifery manuals of Nicholas Culpepper and Jane Sharp but also more obscure anonymous texts. Occasionally her analysis will distinguish between works by licensed practitioners and those by others, but the accumulation of examples across the print record provides persuasive evidence supporting the ubiquity of the practices she describes. Through these practices, early modern individuals expressed the belief that sexual arousal and fulfillment were the keys to fertility; thus fertility itself, not arousal and fulfillment, was the goal of undertaking these practices. In this discussion, Evans considers aphrodisiacs for both men and women as addressing the same problem — infertility — thus providing a corrective to the contention that medical discourse placed the sole blame for infertility on the woman. Similarly, emmenagogues, medicines that “bring down the terms” or menstruation, were conceived as part of a regimen that established regular menstrual health and therefore contributed to women’s fertility" (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/640508)

Translated into English as On hysteria: The invention of a medical category between 1670 and 1820 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015).

Tyson sailed from Baltimore for California in January 1849, crossing the Isthmus and sailing on to San Francisco. His book recounts his 1849 tour of the Northern Mines in search of a likely place for his medical practice, and his hospital at Cold Spring, where his patients included a number of Oregonians. Tyson closed his hospital at the end of the summer, sailing from San Francisco as a ship's physician, crossing the Isthmus and landing in the United States in December 1849. His diary pays special attention to miners' health and working conditions. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Dr. Praslow practiced medicine in San Francisco from 1849-1856, after which he returned to Germany. His book provides information concerning health and epidemics in San Francisco during this early period. Translated into English by Frederick C. Cordes as The State of California: a medico-geographical account (San Francisco: John J. Newbegin, 1939). Digital facsimile of the 1857 from Google Books at this link.

"In the spring of 1889, Brooklyn's premier newspaper, the Daily Eagle, printed a series of articles that detailed a history of midnight hearses and botched operations performed by a scalpel-eager female surgeon named Dr. Mary Dixon-Jones. The ensuing avalanche of public outrage gave rise to two trials--one for manslaughter and one for libel--that became a late nineteenth-century sensation" (publisher).

"Tracing the participation of women in the medical profession from the colonial period to the present, Regina Morantz-Sanchez examines women's roles as nurses, midwives, and practitioners of folk medicine in early America; recounts their successful struggles in the nineteenth century to enter medical schools and found their own institutions and organizations; and follows female physicians into the twentieth century, exploring their efforts to sustain significant and rewarding professional lives without sacrificing the other privileges and opportunities of womanhood" (publisher). 

"The book vividly maps out some central areas: remedies (and how they were made credible), notions of disease, advice on preventive medicine and on healthy living, and how surgeons worked upon the body and their understanding of what they were doing. The structures of practice and knowledge examined in the first part of the book came to be challenged in the later seventeenth century, when the 'new science' began to overturn the foundation of established knowledge. However, as the second part of the book shows, traditional medical practice was so well entrenched in English culture that much of it continued into the eighteenth century...." (publisher).

Translated into English by M. B. DeBevoise as Hippocrates (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1999).

Duperrey undertook this circumnavigation under the sponsorship of the French Minister of Marine, to study terrestrial magnetism and meteorology, and to confirm or correct the position of islands and landmarks that were essential for safe navigation. To accomplish this mission in August 1822 Duperrey departed Toulon, "embarking on what would become a three-year expedition through the Pacific Islands and South America. Joining him on board were two naturalists, both also the ship’s surgeons, Prosper Garnot and René Primevère Lesson, plus his colleague and assistant commander, the botanist Jules Dumont d’Urville. They sailed along the coast of South America as far as Paita, Peru, and then headed west through the Tuamotus to Tahiti, before continuing on through the Society, Friendly (Tonga), and Fiji Islands. Although they were bound for Australia, dangerous weather conditions forced them northwest, and they passed the Santa Cruz and Solomon Islands before landing at Louis de Bougainville’s Port Praslin, New Britain. From there Coquille continued across the top of New Guinea, eventually making its way to the west and south coasts of Australia and to New Zealand by April 1824. It also passed through the Gilbert and Ellice Islands and the British island of Mauritius before finally docking in Marseilles in March 1825.

"Along the way, Duperrey and his crew had discovered a number of undocumented islands, prepared charts of little-known areas of the South Pacific (especially in the Caroline Archipelago), studied ocean currents and gathered new data on geomagnetic and meteorological phenomena. They had also amassed a staggering collection of unknown plants and animals, especially from New Guinea, including birds of paradise, bower birds, marsupials and a variety of fish and invertebrates for the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle" (https://blogs.adelaide.edu.au/special-collections/2015/11/18/voyage-autour-du-monde-by-louis-isidore-duperrey-1826/, accessed 04-2018). Digital facsimiles of the complete set, including the unusually elaborate 12-page prospectus from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

The first half of the book concerns mineral springs and health resorts in California and how to use them; the second half mostly concerns mineral springs and other health resorts in North America and Europe. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

The first history of medical electricity and electrotherapy.  Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Medical justification for racism, racial prejudice, and xenophobia in its purest sense. The author, a physician, also published several works of conventional medicine. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Written by the first great American painter. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first medical treatise published in Missouri and the first medical treatise published west of the Mississippi River.

"John Sappington provided medical services, was a financial lender, and imported and exported goods to the Missouri area. He established two stores near Arrow Rock that sold goods, loaned money, processed salt, and milled lumber.^[3] Once he had achieved financial success, Sappington was able to be more experimental with his medical practice. He focused his energy on the bark of the cinchona tree, the substance used to create quinine. Malaria, scarlet fever, yellow fever, and influenza, were prominent along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. Sappington developed a preventative pill using quinine that was soon in demand across the country. It was marketed as an anti-fever pill, but Sappington also instructed some of his relatives to take the pills to prevent malaria.^[3] Most physicians were still treating malaria by bloodletting the patient and administering calomel.^[1] Sappington’s pill to prevent malaria—and also used to cure malaria—was controversial due to its novelty and unfamiliarity.^[4] The pill remained in high demand, however, and many other physicians began to develop their own anti-malaria pills after Sappington published the formula in his medical treatise, “Theory and Treatment of Fevers.”^[5] He is often regarded as the first physician to successfully and effectively use quinine to treat malaria.^[4] "(Wikipedia article on John Sappington, accessed 04-2018).

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Describes military posts in all regions of the U.S., including the Western territories, with details of their hospitals, barracks, etc. In a 1928 talk at Mayo Clinic historian Fielding Garrison wrote about this work, "From 1869 to 1874 he [Billings] was borrowed from the Army by the Secretary of the Treasury to study the different stations of the Marine Hospital Service....In pursuance of this end, he was in every important city or locality in the whole length and breadth of the United States....While on this detail he rendered to the Surgeon General two important and massive reports on the barracks, hospitals and hygienic condition of the army (1870-1875)" (Fielding Garrison, Billings: A Maker of American Medicine. Lectures on the History of Medicine. A Series of Lectures at the Mayo Foundation. (Philadelphia ,1933) 187-200. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Translated into English by C. M .Williams and Sydney Waterlow as The Analysis of Sensations (1897). Revised and supplemented from the Fifth German edition by Sydney Waterlow (1914). Digital facsimile of the 1886 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1914 English translation from the Internet Archive at this link.

Haviland used the national mortality statistics for England and Wales to develop an elaborate geographical explanation based on map analysis for the cause of heart, cancer, and tuberculosis deaths. He found that females had higher rates for all three causes of death. However, although his technique was innovative his analysis was flawed. Second edition retitled, The geographical distribution of disease in Great Britain (1892). Digital facsimile of the 1892 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

"The author takes a broad perspective and provides a comparative framework by discussing the changing relationship between the ICRF and the medical profession, government, and other charities, notably the Cancer Research Campaign. The resulting analysis of intellectual developments and scientific polices involves a unique overview of malignant disease management, therapeutic and preventative strategies, and the evolution of cancer services in Britain" (publisher).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Arrieta published two very early disease maps in this work showing locations of plague in the province of Bari, Italy, and his employment of troops to isolate those areas. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. (Only portions of the two disease maps were visible in the facsimile when I created this entry in April 2018).

Pascalis mapped this yellow fever outbreak using a method similar to Valentine Seaman, but with a more extensive and detailed list of cases. A condensation of his 60-page pamphlet with a reissue of his map appeared in the Medical Repository,  a journal edited by Pascalis and Samuel L. Mitchell, Vol. 5 (1820). Digital facsimile of the 1819 pamphlet from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

In his study of the spread of cholera in Poland in 1831 Brière de Boismont used a map to show the progression of the disease from a central point through the country along a red line through principal towns and the date in which the disease appeared in each town. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

Pioneering monograph on this subject. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

This study underwent at least three editions in French and also appeared in several English translations, the first of which appears to have been translated anonymously and publlished in Philadelphia in 1853 from the second "enlarged and improved Paris edition". Digital facsimile of the 1845 edition from the Internet Archive at this link, of the English translation at this link. 

First translation into French. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. 

Hamett privately published this report after it was rejected for publication by the British government. He included hospital admission tables in his book and produced perhaps the first map based on hospital reports of disease incidence. He identified clusters of hospital-certified cholera that originated in "close, low and dirty alleys or places in which the air is penned up" (p. 132).  Digital facsimile from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Corbyn mapped the history of cholera in India within British regimental stations. He included the date of each reported outbreak in a table of British regimental locations to describe the temporal progression of the disease. His map shows routes connecting British garrisons within the landscape of Indian towns and cities. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Bullock founded his Museum of Natural Curiosities at 24 Lord Street in Liverpool in 1795. While still trading as a jeweller and goldsmith, in 1801 he published a descriptive catalogue of the works of art, armor, objects of natural history, and other curiosities in the museum, some of which had been brought back by members of James Cook's expeditions. In 1809, Bullock moved to London and the museum, housed first at 22 Piccadilly and in 1812 in the newly built Piccadilly Egyptian Hall, proved extremely popular. The collection, which included over 32,000 items, was disposed of by auction in 1819. Digital facsimile of the 7th edition of the 1809 catalogue from the Internet Archive at this link. An illustrated catalogue of the museum, with 30 plates, was first published in 1812.

http://morbidanatomy.blogspot.com/

Events & Talks - Library- Books, Articles, Lectures- Press- Exhibitions- Photography- Bookstore

The most comprehensive online reference to these topics curated in a unique manner.

Includes the most comprehensive online directory to anatomical and medical museums.

Chapters on water supply, 18th physicians and pioneers of public health, the hospital and dispensary movement, general hygiene and midwifery, rickets and scurvy, antiseptics, smallpox, anti-typhus campaign, malaria, etc. 

Includes chapters on birth and marriage rates relating to conditions of employment, also the influence of the Poor Laws on these rates. Other chapters concern agriculture and food and health of towns and factores, and alcohol, and medicine as affecting the death rate. The second edition (1967) benefits from the addition of a significant new introduction by the author.

Includes a study of the diseases of women lace workers. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

On the lead glaze of earthen kitchen utensils as an unrecognized source of many diseases.

Geist and von Bibra proved that the phosphorus necrosis of the lower jaw of matchmakers was caused by phosphorus fumes and that carious teeth ormed the starting point for this typical industrial disease. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Hardy's "studies on beryllium began in 1945 when she started working for the Massachusetts Division of Occupational Medicine. She studied factories that produced fluorescent bulbs in Lynn, Salem, and Ipswich, Massachusetts. She discovered that many of the workers contracted berylliosis. Berylliosis is caused by the inhalation of dust or fumes containing beryllium. The disease presents itself with coughing, weight loss, shortness of breath, and scarring of the lungs. While beryllium was a main area of study for Dr. Hardy, throughout her career, she also studied anthrax, mercury poisoning, women's growth, and physical fitness" (Wikipedia).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

A key early work on the Bergsucht or miner's phthisis.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link. Translated into English by James Kirkpatrick as An essay on the disorders of people of fashion, and a treatise on the diseases incident to literary and sedentary persons. With proper rules for preventing their fatal consequences, and instructions for their cure. (London: J. Nourse, 1769). Digital facsimile of the English translation from Google Books at this link.

Tentamen de morbis ex manustupratione translated into French as L'onanisme; ou dissertation physique, sur les maladies produites par la masturbation.Traduit du Latin de Mr. Tissot. Et considerablement augementé par l'Auteur (Lausanne: Antoine Chapuis, 1760). This scholarly and purportedly scientific work on masturbation, which underwent numerous editions and translations, played a significant role in the pseudo-scientific perception persisting through the 18th, 19th and portions of the 20th centuries that masturbation was a debilitating illness. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1760 translation from BnF Gallica at this link. English translation as Onanism; or a treatse upon the disorders produced by masturbation, or the dangerous effects of secret excessive venery (London: B. Thomas, 1766). 

See Karbe, "The significance of A.C.L. Halfort's work on The development, course and treatment of diseases in artists and tradesmen (Berlin 1845)," Z. Gesamte Hyg. 21 (1975) 74-8. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

This work was not illustrated. Digital facsimile from Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

Digital facsimile of the 1817 edition reprinting the 1797 work and the continuation (1800): A second essay on burns : in which an attempt is made to refute the opinions of Mr. Earle, and Sir W. Farquhar, lately advanced, on the supposed benefit of the application of ice in such accidents ..., from the Internet Archive at this link.

Classic study of caisson disease. Smith was "Late Surgeon to the New York Bridge Co. (Caisson Work)", treating workmen who built the Brooklyn Bridge. The Eads Bridge (St. Louis) and the Brooklyn Bridge (New York City) were testing grounds for caisson construction. These caissons were enormous compressed air boxes used to build riverine piers and abutments anchoring the bridges. Caisson meant faster and cheaper construction, but there was a hidden cost- caisson disease (decompression sickness). Within caissons, workers labored at pressures as high as 55 psig. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. See also Smith's The physiological, pathological and therapeutical effects of compressed air. (Detroit: George S. Davis, 1886). Digital facsimile of the 1886 work from Google Books at this link.

Study of caisson disease and its treatement resulting from experience in treating workmen constructing the Eads Bridge, which opened in 1874. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile of Masdevall's work on occupational medicine from helvia.uco.es at this link. Digital facsimile of the complete epidemiological work from Google Books at this link.

"Vol. 1: A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Classical World Edited by Mark Golden, University of Winnipeg, and Peter Toohey, University of Calgary

Vol. 2: A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Middle Ages Edited by Ruth Evans, Saint Louis University Volume 3: A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Renaissance Edited by Bette Talvacchia, University of Connecticut 

Vol. 4: A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Enlightenment Edited by Julie Peakman, Birkbeck College, University of London 
Vol. 5: Sexuality in the Age of Empire Edited by Chiara Beccalossi, University of Queensland, Australia, and Ivan Crozier, University of Edinburgh 
Vol. 6: A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Modern Age Gert Hekma, University of Amsterdam

Each volume discusses the same themes in its chapters: 
1. Heterosexuality;2. Homosexuality; 3. Sexual Variations; 4. Sex Religion, and the Law; 5. Sex, Medicine and Disease; 6. Sex, Popular Beliefs and Culture; 7. Prostitution; 8. Erotica. This means readers can either have a broad overview of a period by reading the relevant chapter in each volume" (publisher).

Extensively illustrated treatise on varieties of body modifications, real or imagined, includes details on hair styles, tatoos, piercing, including sexual aspects. Digital facsimile of the 1653 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

This was Bacon's direct contribution to medicine or medical philosophy, with natural and experimental observations on the prolongation of life. Translated into English as The History naturall And experimentall, of life and death, or of the prolongation of life (London, 1638).  Digital facsimile of the 1623 edition from Google Books at this link. Full text of the 1638 Translation from Early English Books Online at this link.

Digital facsimile from e-rara.ch at this link. Facsimile edition translated into English, with a related thesis by Bernouilli, by Paul Macquet, assisted by August Zigellar, with an introduction by Troels Kardel as Dissertations on the mechanics of effervescence and fermentation and on the mechanics and movement of the muscles (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997). (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 87, No. 3, 1997).

"Smith offers the first in-depth examination of Leibniz's deep and complex engagement with the empirical life sciences of his day, in areas as diverse as medicine, physiology, taxonomy, generation theory, and paleontology. He shows how these wide-ranging pursuits were not only central to Leibniz's philosophical interests, but often provided the insights that led to some of his best-known philosophical doctrines.

"... Divine Machines takes seriously the philosopher's own repeated claims that the world must be understood in fundamentally biological terms. Here Smith reveals a thinker who was immersed in the sciences of life, and looked to the living world for answers to vexing metaphysical problems. He casts Leibniz's philosophy in an entirely new light, demonstrating how it radically departed from the prevailing models of mechanical philosophy and had an enduring influence on the history and development of the life sciences. Along the way, Smith provides a fascinating glimpse into early modern debates about the nature and origins of organic life, and into how philosophers such as Leibniz engaged with the scientific dilemmas of their era" (publisher).

White, who characterized himself as "Manufacturer, importer, and wholesale dealer in all articles appertaining to dentistry," was the leading U.S. manufacturer of dental supplies during the 19th century. His 1876 catalogue, with 408 pages, is among his most comprehensive. Digital facsimile of the 1877 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.  Facsimile reprint "With a new introduction on Samuel S. White and the S. S. White Dental Company by Audrey B. Davis. (San Francisco: Norman Publishing in association with Smithsonian Institution Libraries, 1995).

Snowden & Brother provided an excellent selection of the exact types of equipment used by the Union Army during the Civil War. Facsimile reprint, with John Weiss & Son 1863 catalogue, with a new introduction by James M. Edmonson, entitled Surgical and dental instrument catalogues from the Civil War era (San Francisco: Norman Publishing in association with The National Museum of Health and Medicine Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1997).

Though based in England, John Weiss & Son's catalogue offered and illustrated a wide range of equipment that would have been used in the American Civil War or the Crimean War. Facsimile reprint, with Snowdon & Brother 1860 catalogue, with a new introduction by James M. Edmonson, entitled Surgical and dental instrument catalogues from the Civil War era (San Francisco: Norman Publishing in association with The National Museum of Health and Medicine Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1997). 

The first comprehensive text on forensic dentistry, dedicated by Amoëdo to his teacher, Brouardel. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Translated into English by Patrick Baker as Old age and disease in early modern medicine (London & New York: Routledge, 1911).

https://www.cerl.org/resources/main

"The Consortium was formed in 1992 on the initiative of research libraries in many European countries and legally came into being in June 1994. CERL seeks to share resources and expertise between research libraries with a view to improving access to, as well as exploitation and preservation of the European printed heritage in the hand-press period (up to c. 1850)."

"CERL Resources

"The Heritage of the Printed Book Database (HPB)

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"Material Evidence in Incunabula (MEI)

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"Web resources for the History of the Book