Moreno founded psychodrama, and pioneered group psychotherapy. Apart from its psychiatric and sociological significance, this work contained some of the earliest graphic depictions of social networks— data visualization methods later applied to numerous other disciplines. These images were later called sociograms. For a second edition published in Beacon, New York in 1953 Moreno revised the title to Who shall survive? foundations of sociometry, group psychotherapy and sociodrama.  Digital facsimile of the 1953 edition from asgpp.org at this link.

Includes a significant historical introduction.

Granville was the first to perform a dissection of an Egyptian mummy. He reported histological observations of samples from a twenty-seventh dynasty Egyptian mummy that he dissected, and he illustrated dissected views of an ovarian cyst from that mummy. Digital facsimile from the Royal Society at this link.

In "Beschreibung und mikroskopische Untersuchungen von Mumien", published in I, 114-156, Czermak used histology to identify arterioschlerosis in an Egyptian mummy. Digital facsimile of this specific paper from ECHO at this link.

Broca attributed a defect in an ancient Peruvian skull to antemortem trepanation; prior to this paleopathologists and paleoanthropologists were unaware that the Incas practiced trepanation.

Prunières separated postmortem trepanations and rondelles from antemortem operations, and also described tuberculous lesions in Neolithic bones.

Lucas-Chamionnière asserted that the operation was performed by ancient surgeons for both magical and therepeutic reasons, and noted that ancient surgeons prevented lethal hemorrhage from the sagittal sinus by avoiding the sagittal suture.

Le Baron attempted diagnosis and predicted etiology on thousands of bones collected at the Musée Broca, the Musée Dupuytren, and the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle.. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

The first American contribution to paleopathology. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

An account intended for general audiences, as compared to Moodie's Palaeopathology published the same year. Digital facsimile of The Antiquity of Disease from the Internet Archive at this link.

Pales described a broad range of diseases and noted relationships between disease, evolution and species extinction.

Second edition by Ortner as sole author (2003).

Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English, translated by Bruce Fink (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2006).

Published during WWII, Cott's book was the first major work on camouflage in zoology, appreciated by zoologists for its scientific information and carried by many allied soldiers during the war for survival purposes. The Wikipedia analysis of this book is especially valuable. Digital facsimile of the 1957 slightly corrected reprint from the Internet Archive at this link.

Possibly the most enlightened, and detailed book on sex, reproduction, and contraception published during this period; illustrated in color. In addition to outlining the era's five most reliable methods of contraception (withdrawal, condoms, the vaginal sponge, douching and the rhythm method) Ashton explained the most effective means and timing for inducing miscarriage. Digital facsimile of the 1861 reprint from the Internet Archive at this link. The author, a physician, characterized himself on the title page as "Lecturer on Sexual Physiology, and Inventor of the Reveil Nocturne."

Translated into English as Contraception: A History (Cambridge & Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2008).

A history of the use of plant products, such as ergot, as abortion agents.

Includes fine hand-colored plates of kidney stones and gall stones. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Noël was one of the first women to practice cosmetic surgery; her book on the subject was the first written by a woman and one of the earliest books on aesthetic plastic surgery in French.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Though he developed the "skin graft inlay technique" or epithelial inlay during World War I, Esser did not fully publish it until this very extensively illustrated monograph, with about 1500 images, issued in 1940.

No vertical scar breast lift technique. Translated into English by Schleich et al, "The aesthetic correction of the ptotic breast by the procedure of nipple-areola transposition - a contemporary translation and commentary," J. Plast Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg., 63 (2010) 1136-41.

Passot was the first surgeon in France to perform facelifts. In this article with 1 illustration, Passot showed "sites of elliptic skin excision of the hairline, the forehead, and the temporal and preauricular areas to tighten the skin and an elliptic excision of skin and fat to reduce submental fat deposits" (Neligan, Plastic Surgery, 6, 184). Passot's article was probably the first published description of facelift technique.

Describes cosmetic surgery for the face, nose and breasts.

With G. Gulot, J. Rougerie, J. P. Delbet and J. Pasteriza.

"Apert syndrome", consisting of a triad of disorders: craniosynostosis, syndactyly and maxillary underdevelopment. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile of second edition (1861) from Google Books at this link.

". . . confined to those affections most intimately connected with gun-shot wounds and operations, as Shock, Tetanus, Hospital Gangrene, Pyaemia, &c." (from the preface). This is the only extensively illustrated Confederate surgical manual. Digital facsimile from Jefferson Digital Commons, Thomas Jefferson University, at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Arhive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile of the 1864 printing from the Internet Archive at this link.

Issued monthly from January 1864 to February 1865. (Ordinarily this bibliography does not cite complete runs of periodicals; however, because the Confederate States of America issued so few medical publications, and this periodical is unique in the range of information it made available to Confederate physicians and surgeons, I have included it.) Digital facsimile of complete run and prospectus from the Medical Heritage Library, Internet Archive, at this link. 

Discussion of various specimens in the anatomical museum of  Medical Faculty of the Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, highlighting a number of embryological, teratological and obstetrical items, some of which are illustrated. Digital facsimile from Universität Bonn at this link.

Essays, extensively illustrated, sometimes with rarely seen images, tracing the most significant points of encounter between the history of the Jewish people and the history of medicine, beginning with the Bible and ending with the modern world and the State of Israel. 

With J.-P. Bouchon and R. Doyen.  Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Mansurov was the first dermatologist in Russia, and one of the first physicians to use photography systematically in medical illustration. This was a periodical, illustrated with original photographs, of which Manusrov issued 4 volumes.

Biography of Laura Bridgman (1829-89, the first deaf-blind person ever to read, write, and converse in the finger alphabet. The book includes a signed holograph facsimile of Bridgman's widely circulated religious poem, "Holy Home." Bridgman transcribed it by folding paper over a tablet with grooved lines that contained letters of the alphabet— a method of lettering commonly used by the blind in this period. Bridgman also used this method for her signature, which appears in facsimile on the upper cover of the original cloth binding. Bridgman was a prize student of Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-76) director of the Perkins School for the Blind, at which Lamson was a teacher. The book consists mainly of extracts from Lamson's diary and the diaries of other teachers at Perkins. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Remarkable illustrations in the 1920's "modernizing" industrial style later, made more famous by Fritz Kahn (1888-1968) who got his start by contributing an essay to this work. Günther was the pseudonym of the popular science writer, Walter de Haas.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Details the work of women in the American Civil War in the fields of nursing, supply and sanitary organization (i.e. the Sanitary Commission) with biographies of notable women. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first clinical demonstration of the placebo effect, specifically in the context of Perkins' metallic tractors. Haybarth  demonstrated the placebo effect caused by the tractors by obtaining the same results with wooden ones. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

14,995 titles arranged according to medical subject. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

A visually spectacular collection of illustrated essays on remarkable books, manuscripts, artwork and films in the National Library of Medicine written by numerous historians and edited by Sappol. Photography by Arne Svenson.

Wilder was a Harvard-trained white physician assigned to one of the first African American regiments in the American Civil War.

Concerns the role of African American nurses, doctors and surgeons during the American Civil War.

In 1682 Jan Commelin helped establish the Amsterdam Botanical Garden, which introduced many new exotic plants to Europe, collected during the voyages of the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC) in the East Indies, the Americas, Africa and the Far East. From these many new herbal remedies were created. Commelin's nephew Caspar Commelin took charge of the garden's foreign plants in 1696, while Frederik Ruysch took charge of the domestic plants. Jan Commelin prepared most of vol. 1, with special emphasis on plants of the East and West Indies. The set was posthumously published by Caspar, who also prepared most of vol. 2, with special emphasis on South African plants. Frederik Ruysch and Frans Kiggelaar provided editorial help and contributed additional notes.  This work includes 225  botanical  engravings after drawings by Jan Moninckx (ca. 1655/56–1714) and his daughter Maria (1673–1757). Digital facsimile from the Biodiviersity Heritage Library at this link.

Gofman, a nuclear and physical chemist as well as a physician, has been called the "father of clinical lipidology." He discovered and described the major classes of plasma lipoproteins: intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as VLD (very low density lipoprotein). He characterized LDL as carrier of "bad cholesterol" leading to atherosclerosis; however he did not find that higher levels of HDL have predictive value as "good cholesterol".  He drew attention to VLDL as risk factor, noting that diabetics are frequently marked by higher VLDL levels, and also noted the rise in atherogenic lipoproteins at much earlier age in men than women. This is a long review of research conducted by Gofman and his team from 1949 to 1955; it footnotes 31 previously published papers by Gofman and associates. With O. DeLalla, F. Glazier, M.K. Freeman, A.V. Nicholas, B. Strisower, and A. R. Tamplin. This paper was reprinted with an historical introduction by Richard J. Havel, in Journal of Clinical Lipidology I (2007) 104-141.

Boveri argued that malignancy arises as a consequence of chromosomal abnormalities, and that multiplication is an inherent property of cells. He predicted the existence of tumor suppressor mechanisms and was perhaps the first to suggest that hereditary factors (genes) are linearly arranged along chromosomes. First English translation by Boveri's widow, Marcella O'Grady Boveri as The origin of malignant tumors. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1929. Later English translation: Concerning the origin of malignant tumours translated and annotated by Henry Harris. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2008. The second translation was also published in the Journal of Cell Science, 121 (2008) 1-84. This version may be read online at this link.

The first comprehensive book summarizing the evidence relating low-level ionizing radiation to cancer and other diseases.

This paper, delivered at the 1969 Nuclear Science Symposium and Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Symposium, October, 1969, provided powerful scientific evidence that the then currently allowable radiation dose (Federal Radiation Council Guidelines) of 0.17 Rads per year from peaceful development of atomic energy should be reduced downward by a factor of 10, to a dose of less than 0.017 Rads per year for the allowable population exposure to ionizing radiation. Gofman and Tamplin argued that if everyone in the U.S. received 0.17 Rads per year, as the Atomic Energy Commission then planned to allow, that would lead to a minimum estimate of 16,000 additional cancer plus leukemia cases annually in the U.S.

The paper also enunciated 3 " general laws of radiation-induction of cancer in man" Over time these laws became widely accepted.

"Law I All forms of cancer, in all proability, can be increased by ionizing radiation, and the correct way to describe the phenomena is either in terms of the dose required to double the sponaneous incidence rate of each cancer or, alternatively, as the increase in incidence rate of each cancers per Rad of exposure.

"Law II  All forms of cancer show closely similar doubling doses and closely similar increases in incidence rate per Rad.

"Law III Youthful subjects require less radiation to increase the incidence rate by a specified faction than to adults."

Gofman and Tamplin published about 15 papers on these issues within a year. A less technical paper on the subject was "Radiation, cancer, and environmental health," Hospital Practice, 5, 91- 110. The two papers specifically cited here, and others by Gofman and Tamplin were influential in preventing an enormous growth in the number of nuclear reactors in the U.S. that the Atomic Energy Commission was then proposing: 1000 to 2000 nuclear reactors in the United States. Gofman was then director of the Division of Medical Physics (Berkeley) and director of the Bio-Medical Research Division at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.

Diarrhoea was one of the chief causes of child mortality in Great Britain at the turn of the century. Peters begins with a statistical study of age incidence, prevalence, and fatality of the condition and then in successive chapters examines clinical features, immunity, social relations, sanitation, food, and epidemiological features. The final chapters touch on possible methods of prevention and treatment and offer a general summary of conclusions. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Probably the first book-form study of these issues.

Leukemia was the first cancer to be linked with radiation exposure in atomic bomb survivors.

The leading 18th century French work on these subjects; some copies were issued with hand-colored plates. Digital facsimile of an uncolored copy from BnF Gallica at this link.

The earliest illustrated monograph on the butterflies and moths of North America. Text in English and French. 104 hand-colored plates. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The largest and most significant color plate book produced in America during the 19th century. 

Digital facsimile of London, 1794 second edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first comprehensive botany of the United States. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Nuttall travelled  from Philadelphia, down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to the Arkansas. From there he travelled across Arkansas to the interior of the modern Oklahoma; returning via the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers, and then to New Orleans. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first study of all the trees of North America. Digital facsimile of all 6 vols. from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Through an examination of original economic documents, as well as scientific documents, Ilardi discovered that Florence rather than Venice was the 15th-century center for making eye glasses and that lenses for farsightedness were in use a half-century earlier than had been believed.

Social history emphasizing the visual depiction of disease, death and doctors.

Stewart was one of the earliest to study the effect of prenatal X-rays, later replaced by ultrasound. She found that the children of mothers who received these X-rays were almost twice as likely to develop leukemia or cancer as other children. With J.W. Webb, B.D. Giles, and D. Hewitt. Stewart's follow-up paper was "A survey of childhood malignancies," British Medical Journal, 2 (1958) 1495-1508., with J.W. Webb and D. Hewitt.

In this study of ten million children Stewart and Kneale showed that obstetric X-rays significantly increased the rate of childhood leukemia and cancer.

From autopsies on several young women who had painted radium dials, and ingested large cumulative doses by licking their brushes, Martland, medical examiner of Essex County, New Jersey, provided evidence that ingestion of radium could lead to serious illness and death. With Philip Conlon and Joseph P. Knef.

Bradley's autobiographical account of his work in the Radiological Safety Section in the Pacific in the aftermath of the Bikini atomic bomb tests, Operation Crossroads, alerted the world to the dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapon explosions.

Published 23 years after the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, allowing for carcinogenesis after the latency period. Digital facsimile available from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation at this link.

Compiled in the years, 1424-1426, from Greek, Arabic and Latin works on medicine and nature. "Although Ardoini quotes previous authors at great length, his work is no mere compilation, since he does not hesitate to disagree with such medical authorities as Peter of Abano and Gentile da Foligno, and refers to his own medical experience or observation of nature at Venice and to what fisherman or collectors of herbs have told him. He also seems to have known Arabic, and his occasional practice of giving the names of herbs in several Italian dialects is of some linguistic value" (Thorndike). ISTC No: ia00950000. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

Manuel Philes of Ephesus wrote didactic poems on the characteristics of animals, chiefly based upon Aelian and Oppian, and a didactic poem of some 2000 lines, dedicated to Michael IX Palaiologos; on the elephant, and another poem on plants. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The Greek text edited by Aristoboulos Apostolis (1465-1536), who became Arsenios, Archbishop of Monemvasia in 1514.  Philes' Greek text was reedited by Joachim Camerarius with Latin translation by G. Bermann and first published in Leizpig by Andreas Schneider in 1575.  Digital facsimile of the 1575 edition from Google Books at this link.

Report of "an intensive inquiry into the history of government-sponsored human radiation experiments and intentional environmental releases of radiation that occurred between 1944 and 1974. We have studied the ethical standards of that time and of today and have developed a moral framework for evaluating these experiments. Finally, we have examined the extent to which current policies and practices appear to protect the rights and interests of today's human subjects."

The first systematic monograph on child psychiatry. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Putti made many contributions to the understanding of congenital dislocation of the hip, a condition which was then endemic in Northern Italy.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.