This paper was published online on March 26, 2020 and updated periodically.  When I added it to this database on April 2, 2020 it had been updated on March 31, 2020. At that time the paper was available from healthdata.org at this link.

The paper was accompanied by data visualizations entitled COVID-19 US State-by-State Projections.

The interactive versions of these projections, available for the U.S. as a whole, and state by state, were available here:

https://covid19.healthdata.org/projections

Abstract

"Although much progress has been made to uncover age-specific mortality patterns of the 1918 influenza pandemic in populations around the world, more studies in different populations are needed to make sense of the heterogeneous death impact of this pandemic. We assessed the absolute and relative magnitudes of 3 pandemic waves in the city of Madrid, Spain, between 1918 and 1920, on the basis of age-specific all-cause and respiratory excess death rates. Excess death rates were estimated using a Serfling model with a parametric bootstrapping approach to calibrate baseline death levels with quantified uncertainty. Excess all-cause and pneumonia and influenza mortality rates were estimated for different pandemic waves and age groups. The youngest and oldest persons experienced the highest excess mortality rates, and young adults faced the highest standardized mortality risk. Waves differed in strength; the peak standardized mortality risk occurred during the herald wave in spring 1918, but the highest excess rates occurred during the fall and winter of 1918/1919. Little evidence was found to support a “W”-shaped, age-specific excess mortality curve. Acquired immunity may have tempered a protracted fall wave, but recrudescent waves following the initial 2 outbreaks heightened the total pandemic mortality impact."

Freely available from academic.oup.com/aje at this link.

In this conceptual anticipation of later ideas in psychopharmacology Newnham argued that dreams, visions, apparitions and other apparently spiritual manifestations, whether good or bad, arose from physiological rather than supernatural causes. He provided evidence that the effects on the brain from disease, medications (including nitrous oxide and opium) and trauma, causing "disturbance of brainular function", could produce such experiences. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Herries, Martin, Leece....Menter.

Summary:

"Understanding the extinction of Australopithecus and origins of Paranthropus and Homo in South Africa has been hampered by the perceived complex geological context of hominin fossils, poor chronological resolution, and a lack of well-preserved early Homo specimens. We describe, date, and contextualize the discovery of two hominin crania from Drimolen Main Quarry in South Africa. At ~2.04 million to 1.95 million years old, DNH 152 represents the earliest definitive occurrence of Paranthropus robustus, and DNH 134 represents the earliest occurrence of a cranium with clear affinities to Homo erectus. These crania also show that Homo, Paranthropus, and Australopithecus were contemporaneous at ~2 million years ago. This high taxonomic diversity is also reflected in non-hominin species and provides evidence of endemic evolution and dispersal during a period of climatic variability."

Available online from science.sciencemag.org at this link.

 

Sen, company doctor on the Hurmutty Tea Estate in Assam, estimated that the pandemic killed about 15,000,000 people in India.

A summary of the international impact of the 1918 pandemic, its movement around the globe, and mortality estimates for various countries.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Lemaitre, Nicolas,... Hoffmann.  This paper represented the foundation of molecular immunology. Hoffmann and colleagues found that flies with mutated Toll genes were unable to mount an immune response when infected with Aspergillus fungus. They realized that Toll genes that code for a receptor complex (Toll-like receptor) are responsible for sensing pathogens, and that in mutant flies which cannot produce the receptor complex, the Aspergillus fungi are not sensed, and the immune system is not activated, causing the fly to be overwhelmed with a massive infection and die. The authors elucidated a very complex molecular cellular pathway activated by Toll once a pathogen is sensed, leading to gene transcription encoding a novel peptide antifungal protein named Drosomycin made by the fly.

Full text available from cell.com at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: Poltorak, Smirnova...Beutler. The authors, led by Beutler, showed that mice that harbor a mutation of the gene which codes for the production of the Toll-like receptor TLR4 quickly die of sepsis if challenged with a Gram-negative pathogen because they cannot sense the Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as endotoxins, found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and, for that reason, cannot mount an adequate immune response. 

In 2011 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity," and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity."

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Wolfe, Heniene, Carr ...Birx.... 

"As of 2016, 301 terrestrial mammals were threatened with extinction due to hunting for bushmeat including primates, even-toed ungulates, bats, diprotodont marsupials, rodents and carnivores occurring in developing countries.^[5]" Killing and processing bushmeat has created an increased opportunity for transmission of  "several zoonotic viruses from animal hosts to humans, such as Ebolavirus, HIV,^[6][7][8] and various species of coronavirus including SARS-CoV-2.^{[9]" (Wikipedia article on Bushmeat, accessed 4-2020).} 

Wolfe and colleagues analyzed blood of bushmeat hunters in Cameroon and discovered two novel viruses previously unknown: Human T-lymphopic virus-3 HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. They also reported that HTLV-3 is genetically similar to STLV-3 of monkeys and posited that this virus mutated and jumped from humans to monkeys. Available from pnas.org at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

In this paper Stiles fully characterized and extensively illustrated the American hookworm parasite that he first described in No. 5363. This species and the Schistosoma are the pathogenic organisms that can penetrate intact skin of mankind.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

In this work Rudolphi detailed the life cycle of nematode parasites of mankind, such as the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides.  Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Downey characterized reactive lymphocytes, usually associated with viral illnesses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, but which can also be caused by drug reactions or other pathogens. He classified the cells into type 1, type 2, and type 3. They were later called "Downey cells".

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

The Downey cell method for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis remains effective and cost-effective nearly 100 years after it was discovered:

"An 18-year-old woman visited her physician because she had a fever, a sore throat, and painful swellings in her neck for the past 5 days. A rapid antigen detection test for streptococcus was negative, and because of exudates on the patient's tonsils and very enlarged cervical lymph nodes, the physician tested for infectious mononucleosis or glandular fever. A rapid point-of-care test for heterophile antibodies—the Monospot test—was negative, a full blood count with autodifferential was normal, and a throat culture for group A streptococcus was negative. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies—viral capsid antigen IgM and IgG, and EBV-associated nuclear antigen antibodies—were also negative."

After her visit to the physician the patient's condition deteriorated. When she went to the emergency room a manual differential was done, and it was loaded with with all three types of Downey cells. To confirm the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, they tested her plasma for viral DNA with the relatively expensive EBV PCR (Epstein Barr Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction test), which gave a positive result. This confirmed the diagnosis.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

"This impressive monograph by Edward Holmes opens with a quotation from La Peste, by Albert Camus: “Everyone knows that pestilences have a way of recurring in the world; yet somehow we find it hard to believe in ones that crash down on our heads from a blue sky.” This apt quotation might lead the reader to believe that the evolution and emergence of RNA viruses in causing new diseases would be discussed, but in fact the book, as its title suggests, concentrates on how RNA viruses evolve and emerge at the molecular level, not how they cause disease.

"In addition to explaining what is currently known about the origins of RNA viruses, the book describes the mechanisms of RNA virus evolution, RNA virus quasispecies, and comparative genomics, as well as interesting new concepts, such as phylogeography. This term refers to the spatial movement of a phylogenetic species, which can be described in various ways (Holmes lists 5), two of which are the gravity model and the strong spatial subdivision model. In the former, patterns of transmission are driven by major population centers before moving out to smaller populations (influenza virus). In the spatial subdivision model, no clear evidence of migration among populations is presented (hepatitis C virus), and genomic diversity is partitioned into a series of clades (types and subtypes)" (from the review by Brian W.J. Mahy, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 16, p. 899.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Wu, Zhao...Holmes, Zang. This was the first paper written in China, and published in a Western language, on the first COVID-19 patient admitted to any Wuhan hospital on December 26, 2019. Nature received the paper on January 7, 2020, but did not publish it until February 3, 2020.

Abstract:

"Emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Zika virus disease, present a major threat to public health1,2,3. Despite intense research efforts, how, when and where new diseases appear are still a source of considerable uncertainty. A severe respiratory disease was recently reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 25 January 2020, at least 1,975 cases had been reported since the first patient was hospitalized on 12 December 2019. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that the outbreak was associated with a seafood market in Wuhan. Here we study a single patient who was a worker at the market and who was admitted to the Central Hospital of Wuhan on 26 December 2019 while experiencing a severe respiratory syndrome that included fever, dizziness and a cough. Metagenomic RNA sequencing4 of a sample of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the patient identified a new RNA virus strain from the family Coronaviridae, which is designated here ‘WH-Human 1’ coronavirus (and has also been referred to as ‘2019-nCoV’). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete viral genome (29,903 nucleotides) revealed that the virus was most closely related (89.1% nucleotide similarity) to a group of SARS-like coronaviruses (genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus) that had previously been found in bats in China5. This outbreak highlights the ongoing ability of viral spill-over from animals to cause severe disease in humans."

Open access from nature.com at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"The first authoritative source of disease terminology, with the names in English, Latin, French, German and Italian. Standardization of disease terminology was necessary for accurate recording and study of mortality, etc. The Committee was greatly aided by William Farr. Joseph Dalton Hooker revised the botanical names. Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

In 1836 the Births and Deaths Registration Act was passed in England with provisions for inquiry into causes of death in the population, and registration began during the following year through the General Registration Office, directed by the Registrar-General. In 1839, William Farr was appointed compiler of abstracts in the Registrar-General’s office, and he, probably more than anyone else, developed and analyzed mortality statistics to delineate the sanitary and health problems of the day. This was the first of several annual reports to which William Farr contributed. His report, dated 6 May 1839,  was entitled "Letter to the Registrar-General from William Farr, Esq." Summarizing "the recorded causes of 141,607 deaths" registered in England and Wales during the half-year ending on December 31st, 1837, it appeared on pp. 86-118 of the Report. Digital facsimile of this and later annual reports from the Registrar-General from the Hathi Trust at this link.

A summary of Farr's report was published in the Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 2 (1839) 269-274 as "First annual report of the Registrar-General on births, deaths, and marriages in England, in 1837-8." The reviewer complimented Farr's analysis for providing the statistics as well as the deductions; the statistics would enable Farr's deductions to be tested, and used in further comparisons and calculations.

Digital facsimile of the summary from the Internet Archive at this link.

Appendix two is a reprint of "History and organization of the Vital Statistics System" by A. M. Hetzel, that first appeared in Vital Statistics of the United States I (1950) 1-19. Digital facsimile from cdc.gov at this link.

"Until the Soviet bloc collapsed in 1989, socialist Cuba encouraged citizens to view access to health care as a human right and the state's responsibility to provide it as a moral imperative. Since the loss of Soviet subsidies and the tightening of the U.S. economic embargo, Cuba's government has found it hard to provide the high-quality universal medical care that was so central to the revolutionary socialist project. In Revolutionary Medicine, P. Sean Brotherton deftly integrates theory and history with ethnographic research in Havana, including interviews with family physicians, public health officials, research scientists, and citizens seeking medical care. He describes how the deterioration of health and social welfare programs has led Cubans to seek health care through informal arrangements, as well as state-sponsored programs. Their creative, resourceful pursuit of health and well-being provides insight into how they navigate, adapt to, and pragmatically cope with the rapid social, economic, and political changes in post-Soviet Cuba." (publisher).

Khorana edited this selection of his key papers and wrote the introductions to each paper.

Coxe's "formulary" was the first attempt at standarization of drugs and their preparation in the United States. Digital facsimile from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Tulp was both a surgeon and mayor of Amsterdam. As such he was responsible for inspections of apothecary shops. Thanks to new shipping routes, pharmacists in Amsterdam had access to many exotic herbs and spices from the East,  from which they made a big business in new medicines; in Tulp's time there were 66 apothecaries in Amsterdam. Shocked at the exorbitant prices asked for useless anti-plague medicines when Amsterdam was stricken by plague in 1635, Tulp gathered his physician and pharmacist colleagues to write the first Amsterdam pharmacopeia in 1636, the Pharmacopoea Amstelredamensis. To maintain sufficiently high standards, the Amsterdam Apothecary guild required an exam based on the pharmacopeia before new pharmacists could set up shop in Amsterdam. This pharmacopoeia became a standard work, and set an example for all the other cities in Holland. Digital facsimile of "Editio altera" also published in 1636 from the Internet Archive at this link.

Facsimile of the first Amsterdam pharmacopoeia, 1636, with an introduction by D.A. Wittop Koning. [Introd. translated into English by Miss C.F.L. Los]. Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1961.

"Life in the Sickroom is one of many first-hand accounts of the experience of being ill written by an invalid.  Martineau was ill for six years, but she found taking on the identity of an invalid a reprieve from the stresses of daily life.  What is interesting about her account, then, is that rather than depicting the difficulties of being ill, she portrays life in the sickroom as a time of rest and reflection, a welcome repose that can lead to time for thought and greater insight. Nor was she unusual in this respect.  Miriam Bailin points out that many Victorians valued illness for the rest and repose it could offer from the stresses of daily life, and that it is perhaps not surprising that the cult of the invalid developed in the wake of the Industrial revolution alongside the “coexistent imperatives of self-discipline, will-power and industriousness” (12). 

Martineau dedicates her work to fellow-invalids whom she imagines will be sympathetic to her experiences in the sickroom, and to her claim that suffering can afford invalids greater insight, especially about the transience of this world. This type of dedication is typical of Victorian writing about invalidism.  As Maria Frawley points out, many Victorian invalids who wrote first-person narratives about their experiences portrayed themselves as lonely sufferers seeking from their “own bed of affliction to console others, envisioned as similarly confined to their sickrooms and in need of solace” (11).  In the following two excerpts, from the chapters on “Life to the Invalid” and the “Power of Ideas in the Sick-Room,” Martineau reflects on invalid’s heightened ability to grasp truisms that may seem farther off to the healthy:  that wealth and status are unimportant, and that it matters less what we do than what we are" (https://archive.org/stream/lifeinsickroome01martgoog#page/n8/mode/2up, accessed 4-2020).

Digital facsimile of the second edition (1844) from the Internet Archive at this link.

 

Ham was Queensland's first Commissioner of Public Health. Extensively illustrated. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Accounts of writers, artists, and scientists: James Boswell, Charlotte Brontë, Darwin, Florence Nightingale, Alice James Daniel Paul Schreber, Marcel Proust, Glenn Gould, and Andy Warhol.

Chapter one is "The history of placental investigations."

Part 1 by Patton and the female entomologist Alwen Evans; part 2 by Patton alone.

"Set in a country on the Caribbean coast of South America, the story ranges from the late nineteenth century to the early decades of our own, tracing the lives of three people and their entwined fates. And yet, at first nothing seems inevitable, for this is a tale of unrequited love. Fifty years, nine months, and four days' worth, to be exact. For that is how long Florentino Ariza has waited to declare, once again, his undying love to Fermina Daza, whom he courted and almost won so many years before" (publisher)

For publishing this 46-page pamphlet Fourgeaud has been called "California's first medical historian." Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Digital facsimile from ssvms.org at this link.

Global Health Events web archive

"Collected by: National Library of Medicine

"Archived since: Oct, 2014

"Description: 

"A selective collection of over 12,000 web resources archived by the National Library of Medicine beginning in 2014 related to global health events, including the 2014 and 2016 Ebola outbreaks, Zika virus disease in 2015-2016, and the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Included in the archive are websites and social media of government and non-government organizations, journalists, healthcare workers, and scientists in the United States and around the world, with an aim to collect and preserve a diversity of perspectives. Archived websites are primarily in English. NLM will continue to develop, review, describe, and add content to the collection.

"Subject:   Government - National,  Science & Health,  Spontaneous Events,  Ebola,  hemorrhagic fever,  Ebola virus disease,  Zika Virus,  Zika Virus Infection,  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2020/03/26/archiving-web-content-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/

"The National Library of Medicine is archiving web and social media documenting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as part of the Library’s ongoing Global Health Events web archive collection. NLM’s Web Collecting and Archiving Working Group began this effort on January 30 when the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and will continue to develop the collection throughout its duration.  This work follows NLM’s earlier Global Health Events archive collecting related to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak, the 2016 Zika Virus Outbreak, and more.

The Working Group is archiving content documenting the international, federal, state, and local government response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as well as social media communications using popular hashtags.  NLM will continue and expand this effort to document a broad range of perspectives, reactions, and response to the pandemic in support of future research and understanding of this global health event.

This work is supported by the Collection Development Guidelines of the NLM , which considers Web sites, blogs, social media and other web content to play an increasingly important role in documenting the scholarly biomedical record and illustrating a diversity of cultural perspectives in health and medicine. NLM will continue to develop, review, describe, and add content related to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak to the Global Health Events web archive and welcomes recommendations for additional content to include.  For more information about NLM’s Web collecting efforts, please visit https://www.nlm.nih.gov/webcollecting/."

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v5tso8spFq6SpW53h2OJULcdRoPEbyI6xpah31kW-H0/edit
[I copied this document into this database on April 9, 2020.]

"Documenting COVID-19

"https://bit.ly/doc-covid19

#doccovid19

This is a collaborative document that lists active documentation projects for the COVID-19. In addition there are sections for guides and tools that can be useful for starting documentation projects of your own. All languages are welcome. The goal is to help build a loose network for sharing practices, resources and expertise. Editing is currently open, but please see the Documenting the Now Code of Conduct for guidance on how to contribute to this document.

Projects

These are active projects to collect materials related to the Coronavirus pandemic. Please list in alphabetical order the name of the project and at least one URL for a page that describes it. If you would like to add more detail please feel free.

• #ArxivemlaCovid19 (#DocumentingCovid19): Society of Catalan Archivist-Records Managers  https://arxivers.com/documentingcovid19-tips-for-citizens-archivists/
• Universität Hamburg, Universität Gießen, Universität Bochum, all Germany:

www.coronarchiv.de an online archive as a public history project (Citizen Science)

• Colorado State University: https://lib.colostate.edu/find/contribute-to-the-covid-19-archive/, https://archive-it.org/collections/13783
• A Journal of the Plague Year: an Archive of CoVid19: https://covid19.omeka.net/
• CoronaDiaries: Documenting the everyday lived experiences of a global pandemic (Dr Michael Ward, Swansea University, UK) 

https://es.britsoc.co.uk/coronadiaries-documenting-the-everyday-lived-experiences-of-a-global-pandemic/ and https://www.swansea.ac.uk/press-office/news-events/news/2020/04/how-your-coronadiary-could-help-us-understand-more-about-living-through-a-pandemic.php 

• COVID-19 Files: Austin Responds to a Pandemic: https://library.austintexas.gov/covid-19-files 
• COVID-19 Oral History Project: https://sites.google.com/iu.edu/covid-19oralhistoryproject/
• CUNY Distance Learning Archive (Documenting the transition to online instruction at CUNY during the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic). https://cdla.commons.gc.cuny.edu/
• DC Public Library Special Collections has around 1 million Twitter records of COVID-19 related material within a 30 mile radius of Washginton, D.C., captured with Social Feed Manager and twarc (https://digdc.dclibrary.org/islandora/object/dcplislandora%3A237558), and the beginnings of a collection in Archive-It, most of which is not yet public  (https://archive-it.org/collections/13803). Contact [email protected]. 
• Digital Justice Lab at Dartmouth (Wernimont and Stevens) has been collecting social media daily since January. More than 10 million records. No public website to date, but open to collab and sharing. Contact [email protected] 
• The Historic New Orleans Collection: https://www.hnoc.org/publications/first-draft/chronicling-coronavirus-our-effort-document-crisis-starts-you 
• International Center for Photography: (https://www.icp.org/news/icpconcerned-a-forum-for-all-to-document-the-covid-19-pandemic)
• International Internet Preservation Consortium. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): https://netpreserveblog.wordpress.com/2020/02/13/cdg-collection-novel-coronavirus/ 
• Irvington Historical Society: https://thehudsonindependent.com/irvington-historical-society-requests-personal-stories-during-the-covid-19-crisis/ 
• La Crosse (Wisconsin) Public Library Archives: Documenting Community Voices https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScUqdeEvNtnLWpMlgs8lENQD9bahFY7ukcZqnSwdtG7teoR4Q/viewform
• Manitowoc County (Wisconsin) Historical Society, Telling Your Story: Documenting COVID-19 https://www.manitowoccountyhistory.org/telling-covid19 
• Maryland Historical Society: https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/the-maryland-historical-society-wants-to-hear-your-pandemic-story/ 
• Michigan State University: (https://lib.msu.edu/branches/ua/covid19/)
• Monmouth County Historical Association

           https://www.monmouthhistory.org/covid19

• Naper Settlement, Naperville 2020: Pandemic Collecting Initiative https://napersettlement.org/597/Current-Collecting-Initiatives
• National Library of Medicine: Global Health Events Web Archive (Archive-It collection group Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak) NLM blog post: https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2020/03/26/archiving-web-content-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19/ . Contact Christie Moffatt ([email protected])
• nCovMemory: https://2019ncovmemory.github.io/nCovMemory/
• Ohio State University (Archive-It): https://archive-it.org/collections/8222?fc=meta_Subject%3ACovid-19 
• Orange County Regional History Center (https://www.orlandosentinel.com/coronavirus/os-ne-health-coronavirus-history-center-collecting-photos-docs-20200320-q3rnuvi52zfh5oasdugtzkl57q-story.html)
• Reddit: Coronavirus Subreddit: http://reddit.com/r/coronavirus 
• Schenectady County Historical Society: http://gremsdoolittlelibrary.blogspot.com/2020/03/covid-19-archive-project.html
• Small Businesses and Coronavirus: https://smallbusinesscovid19.omeka.net/ 
• Society of American Archivists Web Archiving Section: (https://webarchivingrt.wordpress.com/)--contact Nicole Greenhouse ([email protected])
• UNC Charlotte: Contribute Your Stories--COVID-19 Outbreak: https://library.uncc.edu/contribute-your-stories-covid-19-outbreak
• University of Cincinnati web archiving on COVID-19’s impact on campus: https://archive-it.org/collections/13197?fc=websiteGroup%3AUC+COVID-19  
• University of Dayton
• Virgin Mary and COVID-19 web archive (Marian Library): https://archive-it.org/collections/8222?fc=meta_Subject%3ACovid-19 
• The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Church web archive: https://archive-it.org/collections/13703
• Contribute primary sources related to Mary (https://udayton.edu/blogs/imri/2020-03-30-documenting-devotion-to-mary-in-troubled-times.php), and UD community (https://udayton.edu/blogs/libraries/2020-03-31-pandemics.php)
• University of Illinois Archives - What’s Your Story? COVID-19 and the University of Illinois Community: https://archives.library.illinois.edu/about-us/initiatives/covid-19/
• University of San Francisco - USF COVID-19 Response Archive Project: https://twitter.com/usfca_scua/status/1248088840444641280 
• University of Utah - Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection: https://lib.utah.edu/services/digital-library/COVID19_digitalcollection
• University of Virginia Claude Moore Health Sciences Library
• Virginia-focused web archive of COVID-19 --contact Emily Bowden ([email protected]) or Dan Cavanaugh ([email protected]) for more information
• We don’t yet have a public collection link, so I’ll share our Webrecorder how-do documentation instead - geared toward new users: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IM3IOq94dD1QRXQT8QYZBzt5K0pqTS90W6vAuzKNSO8/edit?usp=sharing
• University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, COVID-19 MKE: A Milwaukee Coronavirus Digital Archive https://liblamp.uwm.edu/omeka/covid19mke/
• Vermont Folklife Center, Listening in Place https://www.vermontfolklifecenter.org/covid19-updates/listening-in-place
• West Virginia and Regional History Center (WVU Libraries) https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/news-events/wvu-community-covid-19-stories 
• Wisconsin Historical Society, COVID-19 Journal Project
  https://wisconsinhistory.org/records/Article/CS16333
• Wright State University Libraries, Special Collections & Archives: ://www.libraries.wright.edu/community/outofthebox/2020/03/23/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-crisis-document-your-story/https
• Twitter harvests with twarc, for libraries and COVID-19 https://github.com/pbinkley/tweets-libraries-covid19, the transition to online teaching https://github.com/pbinkley/tweets-online-classes-covid19, and the National Emergency Library https://github.com/pbinkley/tweets-national-emergency-library 
• Stitching the Curve: knitting a data visualization of COVID-19 cases in Canada https://docs.google.com/document/d/13UtkoPf3wmiRUP9F_sEqBwAPBHnQUiHI5cHlTMLivsk/edit?ts=5e88b3a6
• Lorain Historical Society (Lorain, Ohio) https://www.lorainhistory.org/new-page-5
• Wyner Family Jewish Heritage Center (located in Boston, MA & collecting from Jewish New England communities) https://jewishheritagecenter.org/forthefuture
• BoasBlog, Witnessing Corona: Corona Diaries Project; https://boasblogs.org/witnessingcorona/curare-corona-diaries-project/#disqus_thread

Guides

This is a list of resources & guides that are useful in building a collection. A title and a URL are required, but feel free to add more detail if you think it is useful.

• Society of American Archivists. Documenting in Times of Crisis: A Resource Kit. https://www2.archivists.org/advocacy/documenting-in-times-of-crisis-a-resource-kit 
• Documenting the Now. The Ferguson Principles. https://news.docnow.io/documenting-the-now-ethics-white-paper-43477929ea3e 

ToolsDocNow Tools: https://www.docnow.io/

• Omeka: https://omeka.net 

This list contains tools that you may find useful for creating collections. A name and URL are required, but feel free to add more detail if you think it is useful.

Community Owned Preservation Tools Registry: https://coptr.digipres.org/

• Social Feed Manager: https://go.gwu.edu/sfm
• Twarc: https://github.com/DocNow/twarc (twitter harvesting)
• Webrecorder: https://webrecorder.io 

Additional Reading

• How Can Photographers Capture Human Connection in the Age of Coronavirus (CNN): https://www.cnn.com/style/article/photographers-human-connection-coronavirus/index.html
• Museums Scramble to Document the Pandemic, Even as it Unfolds (NYT): https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/arts/design/museums-coronavirus-pandemic-artifacts.html "

"The novel opens in the World State city of London in AF (After Ford) 632 (AD 2540 in the Gregorian calendar), where citizens are engineered through artificial wombs and childhood indoctrination programmes into predetermined classes (or castes) based on intelligence and labour. Lenina Crowne, a hatchery worker, is popular and sexually desirable, but Bernard Marx, a psychologist, is not. He is shorter in stature than the average member of his high caste, which gives him an inferiority complex. His work with sleep-learning allows him to understand, and disapprove of, his society's methods of keeping its citizens peaceful, which includes their constant consumption of a soothing, happiness-producing drug called soma. Courting disaster, Bernard is vocal and arrogant about his criticisms, and his boss contemplates exiling him to Iceland because of his nonconformity. His only friend is Helmholtz Watson, a gifted writer who finds it difficult to use his talents creatively in their pain-free society" (Wikipedia article on Brave New World, accessed 4-2020).

Includes several colored world maps of diseases. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"This publication contains an account written by Col.William H. Wilmer, Medical Corps, who was in charge of the Air Service Medical Research Laboratories in Issoudon, France, from September, 1918, until the armistice. The account describes the various phases of the physiological and psychological problems of aviation, the organization of the work in the A[merican[ E[xpeditionary] F[orce], and the application of the newly discovered principles to the maintenance of the efficiency of the flier. It also suggests the future possibilities that lie in aviation medicine. In addition, it records the tasks accomplished by the various departments of the medical research laboratories, the character of the work with the British, conferences with various types of fliers, and it analyzes accidents and their causes" (Foreward).
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

An idiosyncratic collection of rarely reproduced images with explanatory commentaries in English and French, concerning reproduction and obstetric complications in animals and humans. Topics include:

The Funis of a nut.- The Chrysalis of the Phaena Atlas. - The eggs of the Cuttle Fish.
A display of the internal parts of a frog, with the ovaria.
A section of a hen, shewing the Ovarium, with an egg perfected in the Infundibulum.
A part of the Uterus of a cow, with one of the Cotyledons, and a portion of the membranes.
Three human abortions, one of which contains twins.
A morbid human Ovum.
A human Ovum, about the third month of pregnancy.
The Uterus, containing the child of a woman, who died in the act of parturition.
A twin Placenta with the membranes.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Denman "was the first physician whose authority made the practice general in England of inducing premature labour in cases of narrow pelvis and other conditions, in which the mother's life is imperilled by the attempt to deliver at the full-time" (DNB). This handbook emphasizing the solution to obstretric complications underwent 7 editions in England, 3 American editions, and a translation into French. Digital facsimile of the first American edition (1803) from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Flint was one of the founders of laboratory research on phyiology in America. Besides the regular trade edition Flint issued a deluxe version of this set limited to 25 copies. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Middleton, surgeon in the U.S. Volunteers, recommended the placement of volatile bromine in all patient wards. He developed a method of applying bromine deep into muscular layers after wound debridement then injecting bromine subcutaneously and applying it topically to exposed surfaces. A second application was only applied in cases where the gangrene odor returned. Through this process Goldsmith achieved a mortality of 2.6 percent for those treated with bromine, as against 43.3 percent with those treated by other methods.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

 

The first monograph on alcoholism considered as a disease. Huss was the first to define alcoholism and to give a scientific analysis of its physical, psychological, moral and social effects. Translated into German, 1852.

A scholarly edition of the Nicetas Codex containing various texts on fractures and luxations. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. Includes an edition of the Late Antique Latin writer Quintus Gargilius Martialis's fragmentary treatise on the tending of cattle.

Chapters relevant to this bibliography include:
 
Zoology by Arnaud Zucker
Botany by Alain Touwaide
Medicine and Pharmacy by Alain Touwaide
Veterinary Medicine by Stavros Lazaris
Byzantine Theories of Vision by Katerina Ierodiakonou.

"Abstract

Order of authorship in the original publication: Radin, Wineinger, Topol, Steinhubl.

"Background

"Acute infections can cause an individual to have an elevated resting heart rate (RHR) and change their routine daily activities due to the physiological response to the inflammatory insult. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate if population trends of seasonal respiratory infections, such as influenza, could be identified through wearable sensors that collect RHR and sleep data.

"Methods

"We obtained de-identified sensor data from 200 000 individuals who used a Fitbit wearable device from March 1, 2016, to March 1, 2018, in the USA. We included users who wore a Fitbit for at least 60 days and used the same wearable throughout the entire period, and focused on the top five states with the most Fitbit users in the dataset: California, Texas, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. Inclusion criteria included having a self-reported birth year between 1930 and 2004, height greater than 1 m, and weight greater than 20 kg. We excluded daily measurements with missing RHR, missing wear time, and wear time less than 1000 min per day. We compared sensor data with weekly estimates of influenza-like illness (ILI) rates at the state level, as reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by identifying weeks in which Fitbit users displayed elevated RHRs and increased sleep levels. For each state, we modelled ILI case counts with a negative binomial model that included 3-week lagged CDC ILI rate data (null model) and the proportion of weekly Fitbit users with elevated RHR and increased sleep duration above a specified threshold (full model). We also evaluated weekly change in ILI rate by linear regression using change in proportion of elevated Fitbit data. Pearson correlation was used to compare predicted versus CDC reported ILI rates.

"Findings

"We identified 47 249 users in the top five states who wore a Fitbit consistently during the study period, including more than 13·3 million total RHR and sleep measures. We found the Fitbit data significantly improved ILI predictions in all five states, with an average increase in Pearson correlation of 0·12 (SD 0·07) over baseline models, corresponding to an improvement of 6·3–32·9%. Correlations of the final models with the CDC ILI rates ranged from 0·84 to 0·97. Week-to-week changes in the proportion of Fitbit users with abnormal data were associated with week-to-week changes in ILI rates in most cases.

"Interpretation

"Activity and physiological trackers are increasingly used in the USA and globally to monitor individual health. By accessing these data, it could be possible to improve real-time and geographically refined influenza surveillance. This information could be vital to enact timely outbreak response measures to prevent further transmission of influenza cases during outbreaks."

Open access from thelancet.com at this link.

The Apgar score for summarizing the health of newborn children, based on skin color, pulse rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and respiratory effort. These form a backronym, referring back to the author: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration.

In 1931 Robert Bauer invented the first incubator to combine heat, oxygen, and humidity.
Abstract:
"The apparatus herein described was built in July 1931 to meet in a practical way the well established needs of the premature or the full term new-born infant suffering from respiratory or circulatory embarrassment; namely, (1) carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture¹ for stimulation of the respiratory centers, (2) oxygen² to combat anoxemia, (3) external heat to maintain body temperature, (4) easy accessibility to provide feeding and nursing care with a minimum of handling and without removing the baby from the atmosphere of oxygen, and (5) full visibility to insure careful watching. Continuous use of the apparatus in the nursery of the Henry Ford Hospital for five years has proved its value in treating cases of asphyxia neonatorum, intracranial hemorrhage, atelectasis, congenital heart disease, blood dyscrasias, excessive mucus or any other condition that might cause cyanosis or anoxemia."

https://covid19.topos.com/

"COVID-19 Compiler aims to display relevant data about the novel coronavirus outbreak in the United States.

"Our goal is to provide a multidimensional view of covid-19’s impact in counties across the US encompassing the mapping of vulnerable populations, state and local policies to reduce transmission, and data on medical / health care resources. The site is updated daily with the latest data available on the outbreak.

The site provides numerous other maps covering different statistics such as political affiliation, income, co-morbidities, etc.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Perhaps Osler's most significant discussion of "faith" and faith healing. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
The same journal issue also contains Clifford Albutt's "Reflections on faith healing," pp. 1453-1457; Henry Morris's " 'Suggestion' in the treatment of disease," pp. 1457-1466; H. T. Butlin's "Remarks on spiritual healing," pp. 1466-1470; T. Claye Shaw's "Considerations on the occult," pp. 1472-1477, and Jame Rorie's "Abstract of a lecture on psycho-pneumatology; or, the interactions of mind, body and soul," pp. 1477-1478.

April 1, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/world/europe/coronavirus-science-research-cooperation.html

"Using flag-draped memes and military terminology, the Trump administration and its Chinese counterparts have cast coronavirus research as national imperatives, sparking talk of a biotech arms race.

"The world’s scientists, for the most part, have responded with a collective eye roll.

" “Absolutely ridiculous,” said Jonathan Heeney, a Cambridge University researcher working on a coronavirus vaccine.

" “That isn’t how things happen,” said Adrian Hill, the head of the Jenner Institute at Oxford, one of the largest vaccine research centers at an academic institution.

"While political leaders have locked their borders, scientists have been shattering theirs, creating a global collaboration unlike any in history. Never before, researchers say, have so many experts in so many countries focused simultaneously on a single topic and with such urgency. Nearly all other research has ground to a halt.

"Normal imperatives like academic credit have been set aside. Online repositories make studies available months ahead of journals. Researchers have identified and shared hundreds of viral genome sequences. More than 200 clinical trials have been launched, bringing together hospitals and laboratories around the globe.

" “I never hear scientists — true scientists, good quality scientists — speak in terms of nationality,” said Dr. Francesco Perrone, who is leading a coronavirus clinical trial in Italy. “My nation, your nation. My language, your language. My geographic location, your geographic location. This is something that is really distant from true top-level scientists.”.... "



(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference.)

Vol. 1 by Hoff; Vols. 2 and 3 by Hoff and Greenbaum, Jr.  Digital facsimiles of all three volumes from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Frank was with Napoleon in Egypt; this volume contains numerous reports on aspects of medicine during that campaign. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The standard Latin texts and English translations. Regretably the medieval manuscripts on which the 16th century editions of Caelius Aurelianus were based did not survive. Nor have any other medieval codices of these texts survived, limiting critical analysis of the texts to the early printed editions and the fragments of Soranus’ extant Gynaecia and fragments of Caelius’ Latin translation of the work, along with Caelius’ extant Medicinales responsiones.